2012年6月3日星期日

Mark Zuckerberg: The new Alexander

Alexander the Great led his army killing Bactria, Central Asia and the cable Lattice Arthur George Dew it - from the Macedonian king Soccer 2000 kilometers place, his army has been exhausted, and may at any time by Persian guerrillas attack. Alexander has revealed an ambitious plan, that is to conquer the world.Alexander died 2330 years, a young man copied his miracle: the marks of a hair. Zuckerberg on the Internet to create a new society, he is also 28 years old, and no one knows when he will stop. We try to use the disjointed fragments, with some little things, put together a screenplay about growing up. Of course, and the history of Macedonia, who do not know when it will decline.

In early February, Facebook, formally submitted the listing application, in accordance with the published prospectus documents, Facebook will finance $ 5,000,000,000. This amount of credit facilities to break the global Internet company IPO records had been maintained by Google. Google went public in 2004 to raise $ 1.9 billion, then the market value of $ 23 billion. If successful, this will be U.S. companies in the history of one of the largest IPO transactions, and the highest in the history of the Internet IPO record, the listing will be created thousands of millionaires and huge returns to the venture.


Million active users inside Facebook8.35 few people from mainland China, but the impact of Facebook on the Chinese Internet is in no way weakened.


Probation with FacebookThe fall of 2003, Harvard University Department of Computer Science sophomore students marks. Zuckerberg live in a dormitory called Kirkland. He is the son of dentists and psychologists, from New York. Zuckerberg indulge in front of the computer writing software, readily lost to drinking beverage bottles in the room. He spent a week doing a course with the (course match) applications on the web, so that students can choose their own course, some Harvard students this is quite fond of the others elective courses.Zuckerberg has three roommates: Chris. Hughes, sleep Zuckerberg capped with the original, but both the demolition of the bed; Dustin. Moskowitz, majoring in economics, self-programming; Billy. Olson, an amateur theater actor.Course with "success prompted Zuckerberg to come up with Facemash: Online to same-sex photos of students scoring in order to identify the campus of a brother and a sister - this idea comes from Olson. Zuckerberg just a girl committed insane. "She is a female demon, I'm looking for something else to take her to forget." The head of Facemash where students from Harvard University have undergraduate dorm roster "(facebook), Zuckerberg steal "to them. Facemash popular in the inner circle, and a base man living next door to Zuckerberg's most attractive boys. Less than a day, the site school sealing and to announce facemash security, copyright and privacy violation of school rules, Zuckerberg probation.


Since upload photos to the Internet in violation of the provisions of the Harvard University, allows users to spontaneously upload your own photos to the Internet it will make trouble disappear. Had facemash incident broadside the Zuckerberg newspaper "Crimson also recommended that the roster of electronic and entertainment. "Rehabilitation" Zuckerberg wants to build a reliable directory of real students, to learn more about the current situation of the alumni, everyone would be willing to share all the information is shared. He spent almost a winter vacation time to develop such a site.


Wednesday, February 4, 2004, Facebook started running, it must use real names and information, which is a fundamental difference between Facebook and other social networking sites. Kirkland quarters, Facebook spread like an epidemic on campus four days, there are 1,000 people registered as users. Hormone strong young man can not do without love, with the opposite sex "ganging up" the user using Facebook.


February 9, an interview with "Crimson, Zuckerberg said a profound words: interesting is more important than making money.


Saints Sean. ParkerThe summer of 2004, Zuckerberg is the same as the pilgrims came to Silicon Valley Palo Alto, because "all of the application of technology originated there. Zuckerberg, Facebook team rented a cottage, office their entire summer there. Since then, he never returned to the Harvard campus.


Sean. Parker Palo Alto met with Zuckerberg and his party, to his girlfriend's house, moving things, because he had no money continued to pay rent. Zuckerberg said: Shawn, you come and stay with us. Sean. Parker moved to the Moskowitz room. In September of that year, Zuckerberg appointed him president of Facebook.Oceanographer son Sean. Parker has a complex experience. In the age of 16, he invaded the site of one of the world's top 500 enterprises were arrested, the FBI is on the spot and confiscated his computer. His high school marks. Pincus (the founder of the gaming site Zynga) men practice, the effectiveness of the CIA later. In 2002, he founded the online smart address book, Plaxo and have millions of users, and later because of friction with the investors out of the company. Investors do not like Parker in front of them, always put on a cattle way, free to develop the scheme is free to suspend, continuous work and then continued absenteeism, and even the middle of the night the girl into the office. But he is not changed.


Sean. Parker, Zuckerberg understood, control of the company must be in their own hands. In New York for the first time to meet Sean and March 2004, Zuckerberg, Zuckerberg at the dinner table to witness the whole process of Sean received a phone call to be Plaxo investors deprived of their shares, Sean embarrassed extremely.


Shawn join the Facebook team, although only 24 years old, but compared with the others, he created the experience is very rich, familiar with the ways and means of operation, be good to establish the real-world relationships in Silicon Valley faces of the people is very broad, Learn how to get the information of the Silicon Valley ". At that time, the entrepreneurs of Silicon Valley investors, but Facebook deemed to resolve the site of college students hungry, Sean arrival can help Zuckerberg to win the respect of the Silicon Valley. Facebook from a college project into a real company, Sean has played a pivotal role. "Mark. Zuckerberg said.


Sean, Paypal founder Peter. Tell invested $ 500,000 to Facebook, LinkedIn founder Reid. Hoffman personal investment of $ 60,000. Popular Sequoia Capital intends to invest in Facebook, Sean remembered out of Plaxo's old account (Sequoia Capital partner Michael Moritz Plaxo board members), strongly opposed to Sequoia Capital, to encroach on Facebook. Seems to be to Sean "revenge", Zuckerberg and Andrew. Mike Koren (another early member) deliberately wearing slippers and pajama bottoms to see Rolle Love, Sequoia Capital partner. Towers, and five minutes late. Sean also his girlfriend painted Nude Bulldog mural hanging in the female in the bathroom of the company: "anyway, sooner or later to be prosecuted, I do not worry."Sean Zuckerberg made the most substantial protection measure is, he was already good a two-tier ownership structure is designed for Facebook, Facebook after more than 10 rounds of financing 后扎克伯格 still maintain control of the company . Simply put, Zuckerberg only 28.2% of the shares, but has 10 times the voting rights of outside investors. Zach Burke, another 30.6% of the proxy voting rights. That is, Zuckerberg owns 56.9% of the total voting rights, have absolute control over the company. Sean. Parker for their own protection is sufficient: he designed the terms so that, if not the company management has no obligation to give up board positions and stock options.


In August 2005, North Carolina police found in the beach house in the lease on behalf of Sean cocaine, so he has been the question has not been arrested and indicted, but the event soon led him to the Facebook decline in the status. Cocaine scandal, there is a rift Facebook founder and investors, and ultimately Parker that the resignation was the most favorable choice, he will deal with their own board seats to the Zuckerberg - he was afraid that one day the investors to tie The Kebo Ge squeezed. The Houxiao En still in an advisory capacity to provide advice to Zuckerberg. He holds the Facebook, 4% of the stock."I said to Mark, I will try to support him, because no one has ever support me I want to be similar to the role of guardian to defend him, so that his hands have the power," Sean said.


BattleWeak, almost on Facebook, on Yahoo acquired.2006, times had already changed, the portal has become antique, Web 2.0 is the school of learning. Following search business lost to Google, Yahoo, and more worth living. When he was CEO Terry. The Semel first expressed interest in Facebook, the acquisition of Facebook is becoming the consensus of Yahoo's executive team. $ 1 billion, which is Yahoo's intention acquisition amount.In front of a huge sum of money, Zuckerberg and Moskowitz did not sell the company's interest. Board member Jim. Breyer (Accel investment company partner should not miss this opportunity, repeated lobbying Zuckerberg, Facebook injection of $ 12.7 million). At a board meeting, the intolerable Zuckerberg clearly told Breyer that he did not intend to sell the company. His most staunch supporter of Moskowitz, has left Sean. Parker also stood as a major shareholder opposed the sale party. Breyer's increasingly tough attitude, "all want to sell the company.


Things are not so simple. Facebook also facing a bottleneck, it is in a critical period of the forthcoming registered by the campus open to the community user, if it can not emerge from the college and high school campuses to attract a broader crowd, then, that the growth momentum is almost coming to an end. Home a month ago to discuss the acquisition matters Yahoo, Facebook launched a career network, was on hiatus. Many people believe that the company will be Facebook sold to Yahoo, may be the result of a revenue maximization.


David. Kirkpatrick wrote of the "Facebook effect" Zuckerberg anxiety of that time: "Some nights, can not sleep, he would hide in the car, aimlessly passing through a street. Any green singing Day and the Wither Orchestra deafening roar in the ears. he would spend hours pacing back and forth in the company compound, swimming pool, just to clean up their own mind. "

July, things look almost the end of Yahoo's lawyers have conducted a detailed investigation to the Facebook company's financial position. The two companies reached a preliminary agreement, Yahoo will be a $ 1 billion acquisition of Facebook, The unexpected outbreak of a few days later, Yahoo announced second quarter earnings, investors it is very dissatisfied, they fell as much as 22%. If Yahoo at this time took out one billion U.S. dollars to acquire, how can the promise of Wall Street investors, called Yahoo, COO Rosensweig told Zuckerberg, the acquisition of the amount reduced to $ 850 million. Zuckerberg laughed, he knew that the acquisition suspended.




Yahoo executives extremely depressed, stock recovery, they are once again going to buy Facebook, and hinted that the bid even more than one billion U.S. dollars. Zuckerberg is a bit shaken, on the site open with the consequences, he told Breyer expressed open stagnant registered users, able to accept the price to sell more than $ 1 billion company.


September 23, Facebook, open enrollment, the number of new users is very unstable, according to Sean. Parker recalls Zuckerberg in a panic state, unable to resist the pressure, and almost have to accept the conditions of Yahoo. The miracle again fell, the number of new users began to grow the number of registered users of Facebook, exceeded 10 million. By early October, the daily new users can be up to 50000. Facebook does not sell! Zuckerberg is like divine intervention.


The exchange of the atmosphere began to change. The people who helped in the process of "sell" the company no longer Zuckerberg trust. "Facebook effect" records, Zuckerberg is a consultant, said: "Mark requires a thorough loyalty to the company, if you want to sell the company, you are no longer a friend of Mark Zuckerberg. Marks remember every a support Yahoo trading name of the person. "Experience this acquisition, Zuckerberg from the torment to come out, and the rapid growth became an unprecedented upsurge of him as the leader's reputation, colleagues at the start of his reverence.


Yahoo hit as hard as the end of October 9, Google officially announced the $ 1.65 billion acquisition of video-sharing site YouTube, which Google prey snatched from the hands of Yahoo.


PlatformZuckerberg's ambition is not satisfied with only one site. As early as 2004, and Sean. Parker met, he repeatedly talked about how to make Facebook to become a development platform, so that other people can be released in the above software, as a node in the software ecosystem, like the Microsoft Windows platform, a virtual monopoly on the software technology industry.


One day in August 2006, programmer Dave. Fetterman write a product called "facebook program interface (API) software, users can use Facebook account to log on other sites, and the cooperation of the site can get the user's data. This is a landmark moment. Since then, the software developers to build applications on Facebook. The company's management against open interfaces, because Facebook can not get any benefits in the benefit of others.


Such as Yahoo's acquisition of the storm subsided, and Facebook has launched a dynamic news feature - a friend can instantly know the online movement, Zuckerberg then commanding troops fully engaged platform to build. This new platform has a high degree of freedom: the software developers can use the Facebook platform to do what they want to do, Facebook will not charge a penny to them. Zuckerberg said: "They can venture on Facebook, can be attached to the ad, you can have a sponsor, you can do business, you can also link to another site." He did not consider the issue of making money, just think of an open platform to enhance the company's position in the market. Sell ​​advertising colleague of Zuckerberg this decision especially furious: you aside to let us sell advertising, while allowing software developers advertising to compete with us on this platform, which in the end mean? Zuckerberg explained, allows developers to come in to make Facebook interesting activities increased to more click-through rate, but also on the interface of the application of Facebook advertising.F8 Conference held in May 2007, Facebook made clear to the industry ambitious moment, Zuckerberg wearing a T-shirt and exposed toe sandals on stage in front of 750 spectators (the Silicon Valley almost every Internet company sent a representative) announced an open message, "Let us set off a campaign. This is the first consumer website dares to do so. The subsequent 8 hours, the presence of software developers, programmers and Facebook even Zuckerberg himself, on-site development application.


Through the Facebook platform, software development, even if no money for promotion, he developed an application that also have the opportunity to millions of people know that within a very short time. Facebook's platform also enables developers to develop applications that competes with Microsoft as a free knight, single-handedly. A New Jersey high school students on Facebook to develop a curriculum applications, resold, earn a year's college tuition. For users, the kinds of applications make the online world more wide. In order not to compete with software developers, the Facebook programmers removed Zuckerberg's request to develop their own applications. David. Kirkpatrick revealed in the "Facebook effect" Zuckerberg, Facebook's platform, such as EA (game company), Adobe (graphics software) industry leader, "the company has always been the heart sky high" .


All application developers, social game provider Zynga on Facebook. F8 after the General Assembly did not take long, Mark. Pincus founded Zynga, a poker game on Facebook, has been well received. The subsequent launch of the famous game "Happy Farm" and "urban town" triggered a frenzy of social games. Facebook wrote in the pre-IPO filings with the SEC, 2011, Zynga alone for Facebook to create a $ 445 million in revenue, accounting for 12% of the one hundred million U.S. dollars of total revenue in Facebook37. Now, there are over 50,000 applications running on Facebook, developed by hundreds of thousands of developers. Not only that, Facebook also encourages other websites to use Facebook, the activities of its users back to the Dynamic News.


Privacy Facebook open process is discussed, the boundaries of collecting personal information is difficult to grasp, leading to increase in the number of predatory application. David. Kirkpatrick even that: Facebook has 75% chance to become a data piracy and theft of user information rather than protect them. But he also said, Zuckerberg has been good.


Shelly. SandbergIn January 2008, Zuckerberg and Sandberg are invited to participate in the Davos Economic Forum, still in Google's Sandberg asked Zuckerberg together to take the Google One "(the owner is a Google two founders) to Switzerland. On the plane, Zuckerberg and Sandberg has been engaged in secret talks on the future whereabouts of the latter.


The above is a small episode in the process of Sandberg to join Facebook, the actual situation is not so simple. Zuckerberg and Sandberg many times to meet, from the company management, personal experience, political experience, to have a very in-depth exchange of the vision for the future of Facebook. Zuckerberg told her, "Facebook is more like a government, while not a traditional sense of the company. We have a large user community, we are actually in the formulation of policy."


Sandberg from Harvard University, where he studied under economist Larry. Summers. After graduation she served in World Bank poverty alleviation work. Summers served as Deputy Minister of Finance from the Clinton administration in 1995, Sandberg has been his chief of staff, and finally the official director of the Office of the Ministry of Finance. In 2001, Sandberg joined Google, responsible for advertising sales and operations of the project.


In March 2008, with a trace of anxiety, Sandberg to Facebook at work. Is uneasy, because she did not know what kind of life will be working for a 23-year-old boy. Zuckerberg told her, give her decentralization and give full trust. After the arrival of Sandberg, Facebook's focus on looking for advertising opportunities. Search by keyword, Google is king of the Internet community advertising, annual advertising revenue of more than 20 billion U.S. dollars. Facebook needs to find their own advertising revenue. Zuckerberg wants the ad to become content. " Later this idea was Sandberg's team to implement a custom advertising, is to guide users to participate in some activities that happen to appear in their own page, establish contact with the brand "in a friendly manner". Replaced by custom advertising sponsor ads to Facebook's main forms of advertising. During the first year, custom advertising revenue to reach hundreds of millions of dollars. "If your Facebook information to fill out enough concrete, you will find ads on the site was so good, the record companies seem to know what music you like."


After the arrival of Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook has gone through a major reorganization and business veterans have departed. By Sean. Parker brought in and his assistant, Zuckerberg three years, Matt. Kohler become a venture capitalist; Zuckerberg rental cottage in Silicon Valley with the CTO Adam. D'Angelo took the lead programmer Charlie. Cheever. The three men later founded the Q class community Quora. Veteran heavyweight Moskowitz left, he do not agree with Sandberg and leave. "I do not actively up, I think her idea and I think Facebook's process is quite contradictory. I was a fanatical believer, the investment should be as little as possible for users to feel disgusted with my idea and she would like to The above investment and advertising to generate conflict. "Moskowitz's departure Zuckerberg sad.


"Business Week" evaluation Sandberg to help companies spent previously on several occasions did not expect that high-speed expansion of the leadership the company successfully developed the world's largest brands attractive advertising platform, creating a 26-year-old company with arbitrary pioneer Zuckerberg business partners trust relationship. "


In 2009, a dinner of the Davos forum. Zuckerberg asked Larry. Page not played as Facebook, Page quietly said no. Zuckerberg ask, why not. Page said that Facebook is not suitable for their own. Zuckerberg is not willing to, like a child to ask other questions in Page. Sandberg reproachful tone to stop Zuckerberg do not ask it, because next to a reporter. This can also be seen that the role played by Sandberg, Zuckerberg side.

Some people suspect that Sandberg may run for governor, senator, or public office again. Experienced she replied, as long as we can continue to change the world, and Zuckerberg as a friend, he served as his assistant was pleased.Wrestling Google


According to the "Connection" magazine reported that the fall of 2007, Google founder Larry. Page is visited Google to set up offices in Zurich, London, Oxford and Dublin in Europe. Travel to let his feelings quite well, Page Archon, like Google's ever-expanding site inspections. Page is particularly excited that week, this has nothing to do with his trip to Europe, because Google is planning a major investment in Facebook.


Page boarded the aircraft ready to fly from Zurich to London, the situation changes - Page just received the news of the transaction is canceled, Google's arch-enemy Microsoft to replace it as Facebook's investors spent $ 240 million acquisition of Facebook 1.6% stake in the company. Page is very frustrating. According to the Facebook people involved in the incident, said Google's participation is to be used as a Facebook shill chips. Facebook management will not have the opportunity to work with Google excited, they wanted to go beyond Google. "A former Facebook engineer said," We never liked the Google guys. "Facebook was I just settled in Silicon Valley, Google founder Sergey. Brin also often go to the Facebook headquarters office stroll. Since there are not enough chairs, Bryn often sitting on an inflatable mat. According to people familiar with the matter said: "the early days, Google's Zuckerberg is very special, very smart, and respect. However, with increasingly fierce competition of the two companies, the links between them increasingly the less. "It is interesting that the history of Google for the largest IPO, Zuckerberg and his entourage moved to Palo Alto is only two months, still living in the bungalow.


The war is inevitable between Facebook and Google, which is determined by the nature of the two companies.Index and organize the world's information, Facebook, Google's rule constitutes a real threat. Google to integrate the world's information and their responsibility, if Facebook the world's largest website in the data block Google use Google, facial Where is, feel then? In addition, you are willing to believe an unknown movie "Wall Street 2" through Google's search results, or believe that the evaluation from a friend on Facebook? "Facebook effect" mentioned in the book, a Google product manager had told the media that: "When the information comes from friends, users will find it more reliable, Facebook has the potential to help the user to do a better job in this regard."Fred. Vogt Stan clear the two companies in the economic interests of the conflict: the midpoint of the Great Wall of Facebook, Google and Facebook are the current competition as a corporate philosophy of conflict. Google wants all the information in the world for free, and get the sponsorship of advertisers. Facebook hopes through recommendation, search, and users interested in providing news to replace Google's position, and on this basis to develop their own advertising business. Google said that Facebook's way is no way out, and condemns the closure of Zuckerberg user's contact information. Facebook believes that Google's search engine is the old-fashioned, secretive.




Zuckerberg criticism of Google's relentless face, said Google network model of top-down organizations led to no personality of the user experience. He said, "You can only use a bunch of machines and computing network input and output, and then to obtain information, but only capture a fully open that part, and so that users can not, according to their needs hobbies control adjustments. If Internet users have the right to separation of public information and private information will be more willing to share information. No one wants to live under strict surveillance society, Google has done is to monitor the system to play to the extreme. "He also" Big Brother "the nickname given to Google. In fact, Facebook is also facing the issue of user privacy protection. David. Kirkpatrick said: "Facebook has 75% likely to become a dictator."


Facebook using Microsoft's Bing as a standard search engine, while Bing is Google's rival. From Google, Facebook also hired a lot of talent, in addition to hundreds of programmers and the aforementioned Sandberg, even Google's Chef Joseph. The Desi Mengni spare.


To become a Google competitor, also need the data. In 2009, Facebook launched Connect network contains tens of thousands of independent sites. That same year, Facebook announced the program interface called Open Stream, APIs allow third-party developers can access all the updates into the dynamic news content, including text, photos, videos, links, reviews, and other applications. Connect and Open Stream allows Facebook to collect information about users. Their goal is to make the social network of Facebook users to become the center of the network activity.




Google never give up efforts to enter the social networking, but did not succeed: the beginning of the Wave launch had advertised as a potential revolution in communications sector, and ultimately mortality; Buzz has been pass the Twitter killer, soon encounter privacy troubled; Friend Connect and OpenSocial application platform products are regarded as the two measures for Facebook developers to imitate, not a revolutionary product; also very slim hope of Google.Me successfully challenged Facebook and Google in the field of social media difficult.




In 2011, Larry. Page became Google CEO, a major policy adjustments: employees income is linked to Google's own social network development. Soon, Google launched a social networking application called Google + ". Google + on-line less than a week, Zuckerberg became the toast of the inside, "fan" than Larry. Page. Zuckerberg said that did not constitute what threat this thing is on Facebook.Zuckerberg grew up on the road




Eduardo. Sa Weilin. Sa Weilin Facebook's first angel investor, he owned for Facebook note for $ 10 million and as CFO. He was portrayed in the movie "social networking" a wretched image dissatisfaction: he is to pay Zuckerberg spent two months in Silicon Valley. Sa Weilin long-term team members in New York and over (bumbling quit down to business in New York, ran out and the others to do the job sites, unauthorized put an ad on the website page), leading to Zach Berg and Sa Weilin intensification of conflicts. Sa Weilin see Zuckerberg does not notice their own to go and Peter. Tell financing. Freeze the account of Zuckerberg in a huff. Zuckerberg get Theil $ 500,000, through the reorganization of the company, change the ownership structure (Sa Weilin increase of diluted ordinary shares, Zuckerberg shares lower but not diluted), an additional issue of ordinary shares, Javier Lin's shares is diluted to about one-thousandth. Discover the truth of his prosecution of Zuckerberg, Zuckerberg is simply expelled from Sa Weilin. Sa Weilin also looking for a writer, wrote a book "to get a get Zuckerberg. The results of the trial court, Sa Weilin has 7% of the shares (currently less than 5%). Zuckerberg prevent Sa Weilin again trouble, to a large amount of an unknown number of hush money, and once again acknowledged his status as a co-founder.Donald. Graham. , Chairman of The Washington Post Company prepare for Facebook $ 6,000,000, Zuckerberg agreed to accept the investment. Unfortunately, the negotiations on behalf of his father's death the home funeral was delayed signing a final agreement. The loopholes Axel investment company drill, and they came up with $ 12.7 million. Zuckerberg faced with a moral dilemma. Graham told him: children go, to accept their money, the development of the company, I wish you well. Since then, Graham Zuckerberg respected predecessors, and Bill. Gates met and the hiring of Sheryl Sandberg, Zuckerberg sought Graham's proposal. Since 2009, Graham served as a director of Facebook Inc.




Priscilla. Chen. Zuckerberg's girlfriend, they recognize in the queue to the toilet. 2005, Zuckerberg back to Harvard to the school to inform him to drop out the intent, at the same time intend to recruit a number of alumni to the Facebook work. Zuckerberg invited to Priscilla passing, immediately agreed to Puri in West Asia, and gummy points of the hands of a few to Zuckerberg, two eating candy side to take a walk on campus, their affair begins. Priscilla. Chen graduated from the Department of Biology, Harvard University, is now an ordinary employee of Facebook.




Steve Chen. Matt Zuckerberg think-tank. Kohler Zuckerberg provoke employees only wrote two weeks of the program on Facebook and left - he wants with former PayPal colleagues to do video site. Kohler warned the sake of work, he committed his life the biggest mistake. Steve Chen did not care for him, and later founded YouTube. Edward. Zuckerberg. Mark's father, a dentist, had given a number of companies spending money to maintain the marks. He was awarded options to buy 200 million shares of Facebook stock. Today, that stock worth about $ 60 million.Cui David. Sean. Parker believes that Facebook's office should be the Silicon Valley, the coolest. 2005 Korean-American graffiti artist Cui David invited to paint murals for the corporate offices. Cui David did not accept paid thousands of dollars, but the choice of Facebook stock, the value of these shares has reached 200 million U.S. dollars.
 


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